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Executive Summary September 13, 2013

The Economy

While Wall Street was disappointed by the August jobs report, recent data indicates that the U.S. economy is faring better than many investors think.

In August, for example, manufacturing activity was strong for the second straight month, according to the Institute for Supply Management. The group's manufacturing index showed that the sector expanded at the fastest pace since June 2011. New orders surged, rising at the fastest rate in more than two years. ISM's service sector index, meanwhile, showed that the sector expanded in August at the fastest pace since the group stayed tracking it at the start of 2008. New orders grew at the fastest rate since February 2011.

Home price data also continues to look strong. Prices rose 1.1% on average across 10 major cities in June, according to a new S&P/Case-Shiller report. Both the 10- and 20-city indices were up about 12% compared to the year ago levels.

As for the jobs report, the jobs-added number wasn't bad, with the private sector adding 152,000 jobs and the public sector throwing in 17,000 more. The unemployment rate decreased to 7.3%. The problems were that June's and July's gains were revised downward by a total of 74,000, and more than 500,000 workers dropped out of the labor force in August. What's not clear on that second part is why -- it's tempting to assume they've given up looking for work, but the number of discouraged workers declined in August for the second straight month. And the so-called U-6 unemployment rate, which includes discouraged workers and those working part time who want full time work, fell from 14% in July to 13.7% in August.

Recent consumer data has been mediocre. In July, a new Commerce Department report showed, real disposable personal income rose just 0.1%, while real personal consumption expenditures were flat. The personal savings rate remained at a healthy 4.4%, though.

In terms of macro factors, many investors continue to make bets on what will happen with the Syria conflict, though few, if any, have any idea at all how things will play out. The Syria-driven rise in oil prices hasn't yet played into gas prices, which were at $3.56 for a gallon of regular as of Sept. 11, a penny higher than where they were a month ago.

Since our last newsletter, the S&P 500 returned 2.8%, while the Hot List returned 2.8%. So far in 2013, the portfolio has returned 25.9% vs. 18.0% for the S&P. Since its inception in July 2003, the Hot List is far outpacing the index, having gained 241.4% vs. the S&P's 68.3% gain.
 
Editor-in-Chief: John Reese










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Portfolio Update

After a tough August, stocks have rebounded in the first half of September, and the Hot List has been doing very well. The portfolio has been led by Florida homeowners insurance firm HCI Group, whose shares have soared more than 15% since our last newsletter (all return data through Sept. 11). The catalyst for the move seemed to be news that its subsidiary, Homeowners Choice Property & Casualty Insurance Company, gained approval from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation to assume 50,373 policies from Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, Florida's state-operated insurance company. HCI has been adding policies periodically from the state-run firm, which, after growing far larger than planned, has been called upon to divest a substantial portion of its policies. That has allowed firms like HCI to pick and choose from some very profitable policies.

Another big winner over the past fortnight: Mining equipment company Joy Global. It jumped 10.4% in an apparent bounce-back -- the firm had reported disappointing earnings and shares had fallen just before the Hot List bought it on Aug. 30. The gains showed how buying low on out-of-favor stocks can help you reap some big gains, because investors often overreact to bad news.

All in all, eight of the Hot List's ten holdings were in the black since our last newsletter. The biggest laggard was HollyFrontier Corp., which was down about 6.9%. The refiner was hurt when Morgan Stanley downgraded it on Sept. 9, from overweight to equal weight. Shares had been slipping before that along with those of other refiners, however, perhaps because of the Syria concerns. Next newsletter, we'll rebalance the portfolio, and at that point we'll see if HollyFrontier and the Hot List's other current holdings remain in the portfolio.

Guru Spotlight: James O'Shaughnessy

To say that James O'Shaughnessy has written the book on quantitative investing strategies might be an exaggeration -- but not much of one. Over the years, O'Shaughnessy has compiled an anthology of research on the historical performance of various stock selection strategies rivaling that of just about anyone. He first published his findings back in 1996, in the first edition of his bestselling What Works on Wall Street, using Standard & Poor's Compustat database to back-test a myriad of quantitative approaches. He has continued to periodically update his findings since then, and today he also serves as a money manager and the manager of several Canadian mutual funds.

In addition to finding out how certain strategies had performed in terms of returns over the long term, O'Shaughnessy's study also allowed him to find out how risky or volatile each strategy he examined was. So after looking at all sorts of different approaches, he was thus able to find the one that produced the best risk-adjusted returns -- what he called his "United Cornerstone" strategy.

The United Cornerstone approach, the basis for my O'Shaughnessy-based Guru Strategy, is actually a combination of two separate models that O'Shaughnessy tested, one growth-focused and one value-focused. His growth method -- "Cornerstone Growth" -- produced better returns than his "Cornerstone Value" approach, and was a little more risky. The Cornerstone Value strategy, meanwhile, produced returns that were a bit lower, but with less volatility. Together, they formed an exceptional one-two punch, averaging a compound return of 17.1 percent from 1954 through 1996, easily beating the S&P 500s 11.5 percent compound return during that time while maintaining relatively low levels of risk.

That 5.6 percent spread is enormous when compounded over 42 years: If you'd invested $10,000 using the United Cornerstone approach on the first day of the period covered by O'Shaughnessy's study, you'd have had almost $7.6 million by the end of 1996 -- more than $6.6 million more than you'd have ended up with if you'd invested $10,000 in the S&P for the same period! That seems powerful evidence that stock prices do not -- as efficient market believers suggest -- move in a "random walk," but instead, as O'Shaughnessy writes, with a "purposeful stride."

Two-In-One

O'Shaughnessy has revamped his strategies over the years, most recently in his new, updated version of What Works on Wall Street (which I reviewed in the Nov. 25, 2011 edition of the Hot List). I've chosen not to tinker with my O'Shaughnessy-based models, however, given the exceptional performance they've had over the long term. The models discussed here are thus based on O'Shaughnessy's 1996 version of What Works on Wall Street.

So, let's start with the value stock strategy. O'Shaughnessy's Cornerstone Value approach targeted "market leaders" -- large, well-known firms with sales well above those of the average company -- because he found that these firms' stocks are considerably less volatile than the broader market. He believed that all investors-even the youngest of the bunch -- should hold some value stocks.

To find these firms, O'Shaughnessy required stocks to have a market cap greater than $1 billion, a number of shares outstanding greater than the market mean, and trailing 12-month sales that were at least 1.5 times the market mean.

Size and market position weren't enough to make a value stock attractive for O'Shaughnessy, however. Another key factor that was a great predictor of a stock's future, he found, was cash flow. My O'Shaughnessy-based value model calls for companies to have cash flows per share greater than the market average.

O'Shaughnessy found that, when it came to market leaders, another criterion was even more important than cash flow: dividend yield. He found that high dividend yields were an excellent predictor of success for large, well-known stocks (though not for smaller stocks); large market-leaders with high dividends tended to outperform during bull markets, and didn't fall as far as other stocks during bear markets. The Cornerstone Value model takes all of the stocks that pass the four aforementioned criteria (market cap, shares outstanding, sales, and cash flow) and ranks them according to dividend yield. The 50 stocks with the highest dividend yields get final approval.

The Cornerstone Growth approach, meanwhile, isn't strictly a growth approach. That's because one of the interesting things O'Shaughnessy found in his back-testing was that all of the successful strategies he studied -- even growth approaches -- included at least one value-based criterion. The value component of his Cornerstone Growth strategy was the price/sales ratio, a variable that O'Shaughnessy found -- much to the surprise of Wall Street -- was the single best indication of a stock's value, and predictor of its future.

The Cornerstone Growth model allows for smaller stocks, using a market cap minimum of $150 million, and requires stocks to have price/sales ratios below 1.5. To avoid outright dogs, the strategy also looks at a company's last five years of earnings, requiring that its earnings per share have increased each year since the first year of that period.

The final criterion of this approach is relative strength, the measure of how a stock has performed compared to all other stocks over the past year. A key part of why the growth stock model works so well, according to O'Shaughnessy, is the combination of high relative strengths and low P/S ratios. By targeting stocks with high relative strengths, you're looking for companies that the market is embracing. But by also making sure that a firm has a low P/S ratio, you're ensuring that you're not getting in too late on these popular stocks, after they've become too expensive. "This strategy will never buy a Netscape or Genentech or Polaroid at 165 times earnings," O'Shaughnessy wrote, referring to some of history's well-known momentum-driven, overpriced stocks. "It forces you to buy stocks just when the market realizes the companies have been overlooked."

To apply the RS criterion, the Cornerstone Growth model takes all the stocks that pass the three growth criteria I mentioned (market cap, earnings persistence, P/S ratio) and ranks them by RS. The top 50 stocks then get final approval.

The Growth/Value Investor model I base on O'Shaughnessy's two-pronged approach has been a one of my best performers since its inception back in 2003, with my 10-stock O'Shaughnessy-based portfolio gaining 157.7 % (9.8% annualized) since inception, while the S&P 500 has gained just 68.3% (5.3% annualized; figures through Sept. 10).

The O'Shaughnessy-based portfolio will pick stocks using both the growth and value methods I described above. It picks whatever the best-rated stocks are at the time, regardless of growth/value distinction, meaning the portions of the portfolio made up of growth and value stocks can vary over time. After leaning strongly to the growth side, the portfolio has shifted back toward a more even balance over the past year or so. Currently six of the ten holdings are growth picks. Here's a look at the portfolio's holdings:

TEO -- Telecom Argentina (Growth)
LEA -- Lear Corporation (Growth)
SNP -- China Petroleum & Chemical Corp. (Value)
AFSI -- Amtrust Financial Services Inc. (Growth)
RDS.A -- Royal Dutch Shell (Value)
CVX -- Chevron Corp. (Value)
SIG -- Signet Jewelers (Growth)
NOC -- Northrop Grumman Corporation (Growth)
JPM -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. (Value)
RUE -- Rue21 Inc. (Growth)


Not Just Numbers

O'Shaughnessy is a pure quant, but you should be aware that some of his most critical lessons are less about specific criteria and numbers than they are about the general mindset an investor must have. Perhaps more than anything else, O'Shaughnessy believes in picking a good strategy and sticking with it -- no matter what. In What Works on Wall Street, he writes that in order to beat the market, it is crucial that you stay disciplined: "[C]onsistently, patiently, and slavishly stick with a strategy, even when it's performing poorly relative to other methods."

The reason involved human emotions, which cause many investors to bail on a good approach and jump onto hot stocks or strategies that are often overhyped and overpriced. "We are a bundle of inconsistencies," he writes, "and while that may make us interesting, it plays havoc with our ability to invest our money successfully. Disciplined implementation of active strategies is the key to performance." Wise words, whether you follow O'Shaughnessy's approach or another proven method.



News about Validea Hot List Stocks

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM): Morgan's CFO said it expects to lose money in its mortgage origination business in the second half of 2013, with the big rise in interest rates having led to a 60% reduction in refinancing applications from their peak, TheStreet.com reported. Marianne Lake told investors that though rates have impacted the mortgage business sooner than expected, the bank's overall business should benefit from rising rates. The capital impact from rising rates is "very manageable", she said, while the incremental earnings impact is "significant".

Meanwhile, Morgan increased its litigation reserve by more than $1.5 billion in the third quarter amid a flurry of possible legal claims, Bloomberg reported. Despite the rising rates and increased legal fee pool, Morgan shares fared okay since our last newsletter, gaining about 5% through Sept. 11.



The Next Issue

In two weeks, we will publish another issue of the Hot List, at which time we will rebalance the portfolio. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us at hotlist@validea.com.


Current Portfolio






Detailed Stock Analysis

Disclaimer: The analysis is from Validea's selection and interpretation of content from the guru's book or published writings, and is not from nor endorsed by the guru. See Full Disclaimer

HCI   |   AFSI   |   LEA   |   USNA   |   STMP   |   HFC   |   BPI   |   JOY   |   JPM   |   ROST   |  



HCI Group Inc, formerly Homeowners Choice, Inc., is a holding company. The Company, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the property and casualty insurance business. Through Homeowners Choice Property & Casualty Insurance Company, Inc. (HCPC) and subsidiaries, primarily Homeowners Choice Managers, Inc. (HCM), Southern Administration, Inc., Claddaugh Casualty Insurance Company, Ltd., and its subsidiary, HCPCI Holdings LLC, it provides property and casualty homeowners' insurance, condominium-owners' insurance and tenants' insurance to individuals owning property in Florida. Its subsidiaries also include TV Investment Holdings LLC, which owns and operates a marina facility located in Florida; Unthink Technologies Private Limited. During the year ended December 31, 2011, it organized TV Investment Holdings LLC, HCI Holdings LLC and HCI Technical Resources, Inc.





Amtrust Financial Services, Inc. is a holding company. The Company is a multinational specialty property and casualty insurer focused on generating consistent underwriting profits. The Company operates in four segments: small commercial business, specialty program and personal lines reinsurance. In January 2013, the Company acquired First Nonprofit Companies, Inc. In February 2013, its subsidiary acquired Car Care Plan (Holdings) Limited from Ally Insurance Holdings, Inc. In April 2013, it acquired Sequoia Insurance Company and its subsidiaries, Sequoia Indemnity Company and Personal Express Insurance Company. In May 2013, the Company acquired Mutual Insurers Holding Company (MIHC) and MIHC's subsidiary, First Nonprofit Insurance Company.





Lear Corporation is a tier 1 supplier to the global automotive industry. The Company supplies its products to automotive manufacturers with automotive seat systems and related components, as well as electrical distribution systems and related components. The Company has two segments: seating and electrical power management systems (EPMS). The seating segment includes seat systems and related components, such as seat frames, recliner mechanisms, seat tracks, seat trim covers, headrests and seat foam. The EPMS segment includes electrical distribution systems for traditional powertrain vehicles, as well as for hybrid and electric vehicles. As of December 31, 2011, it had 20 joint ventures located throughout Asia, as well as five in North America, two in Europe and Africa and one with operations in all three regions.





USANA Health Sciences, Inc. develops and manufactures science-based nutritional and personal care products. The Company has operations in 15 markets worldwide, where it distributes and sells its products by way of direct selling. The Company reports operations in two geographic regions: North America and Asia Pacific, which is further divided into three sub-regions; Southeast Asia/Pacific, Greater China, and North Asia. North America includes the United States, Canada, Mexico, and direct sales from the United States to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Southeast Asia/Pacific includes Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines; Greater China includes Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; and North Asia includes Japan and South Korea. The Company's customer base consists of two types of customers: Associates and Preferred Customers. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had 222,000 active Associates and 64,000 active Preferred Customers worldwide.





Stamps.com Inc. is a provider of Internet-based postage solutions. The Company's customers use its service to mail and ship a variety of mail pieces, including postcards, envelopes, flats and packages, using a range of United States Postal Service (the USPS) mail classes, including First Class Mail, Priority Mail, Express Mail, Media Mail, Parcel Post, and others. Its customers include individuals, small businesses, home offices, medium-size businesses and enterprises.





HollyFrontier Corporation (HollyFrontier), formerly Holly Corporation, is a petroleum refiner, which produces light products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, specialty lubricant products, and specialty and modified asphalt. HollyFrontier operates in two segments: Refining and Holly Energy Partners, L.P. (HEP). The Refining segment includes the operations of its El Dorado, Tulsa, Navajo, Cheyenne and Woods Cross Refineries and NK Asphalt. The HEP segment involves all of the operations of HEP. As of December 31, 2011, it operated five refineries having a combined crude oil processing capacity of 443,000 barrels per day that serve markets throughout the Mid-Continent, Southwest and Rocky Mountain regions of the United States. The Company merged with Frontier Oil Corporation (Frontier), on July 1, 2011. On November 9, 2011, HEP acquired from the Company certain tankage, loading rack and crude receiving assets located at its El Dorado and Cheyenne Refineries.





Bridgepoint Education, Inc. (Bridgepoint) is a provider of postsecondary education services. The Company's academic institutions include Ashford University and University of the Rockies. Its institutions deliver programs primarily online, as well as at their traditional campuses. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had 86,642 total students enrolled in its institutions. Bridgepoint's institutions conduct ongoing faculty and student assessment processes and provide a range of student services. The Company is also focused on developing new technologies, such as through Waypoint Outcomes, Constellation, and the development of its institutions' mobile learning platforms. The Company has developed Constellation to replace third party textbooks with digital course materials. Constellation materials are displayed in a browser-based platform. In January 2012, Bridgepoint introduced Thuze.





Joy Global Inc. is a manufacturer and servicer of high productivity mining equipment for the extraction of coal and other minerals and ores. The Company's equipment is used in mining regions throughout the world to mine coal, copper, iron ore, oil sands, and other minerals. The Company's underground mining machinery segment (Joy Mining Machinery) is a manufacturer of underground mining equipment for the extraction of coal and other bedded minerals and offers service locations near mining regions worldwide. The Company's surface mining equipment segment (P&H Mining Equipment) is a producer of surface mining equipment for the extraction of ores and minerals and provides operational support for many types of equipment used in surface mining. During the fiscal year ended October 28, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of LeTourneau. On December 30, 2011, it acquired approximately 41.1% of Int'l Mining Machinery Holdings Limited's common stock to 69.2%.





JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPMorgan Chase) is a financial holding company. The Company is a global financial services firm and a banking institution in the United States, with global operations. The Company is engaged in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity. JPMorgan Chase's principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.), and Chase Bank USA, National Association (Chase Bank USA, N.A.). JPMorgan Chase's activities are organized into four business segments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity. The Company's consumer business is the Consumer & Community Banking segment. The Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking, and Asset Management segments consists of the Company's wholesale businesses.





Ross Stores, Inc., along with its subsidiaries, operates two brands of off-price retail apparel and home fashion stores. As of January 28, 2012, the Company operated a total of 1,125 stores, of which 1,037 were Ross Dress for Less (Ross) locations in 29 states, the District of Columbia, and Guam, and 88 were dd's DISCOUNTS stores in seven states: 48 in California, 19 in Texas, 12 in Florida, four in Arizona, two in Georgia, two in Nevada, and one in Maryland. Ross focuses on customers primarily from middle income households, while dd's DISCOUNTS focuses on customers from more moderate income households. During the fiscal year ended January 28, 2012 (fiscal 2012), it opened 59 new Ross stores and closed ten existing stores. During fiscal 2011, it opened 21 new dd's DISCOUNTS stores. The average approximate dd's DISCOUNTS store size is 23,900 square feet. In April 2011, it purchased a 449,000 square foot warehouse for packaway storage in Riverside, California.





Watch List

The Watch List contains the highest scoring stocks according to our guru consensus system that are not currently in the Hot List portfolio. We provide this list both for informational purposes and for investors who are not comfortable with a portfolio of ten stocks.





Disclaimer


The names of individuals (i.e., the 'gurus') appearing in this report are for identification purposes of his methodology only, as derived by Validea.com from published sources, and are not intended to suggest or imply any affiliation with or endorsement or even agreement with this report personally by such gurus, or any knowledge or approval by such persons of the content of this report. All trademarks, service marks and tradenames appearing in this report are the property of their respective owners, and are likewise used for identification purposes only.

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Performance results are based on model portfolios and do not reflect actual trading. Actual performance will vary based on a variety of factors, including market conditions and trading costs. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. Individual stocks mentioned throughout this web site may be holdings in the managed portfolios of Validea Capital Management, a separate asset management firm founded by Validea.com founder John Reese. Validea Capital Management, which is a separate legal entity and an SEC registered investment advisory firm, uses, in part, the strategies on the web site to select stocks for its clients.